The charging handle is the part of your BCG that initiates the first firing cycle. Were reader-supported, which means we may earn a small part of the sale from links to any products or services on this site. 100-040-982 Complete Upper , 6mm ARC , 20 stainless barrel. In this guide, we are going to discuss .458 Upper Receivers. Panzer Muzzle Brake works surprisingly well, considering how simple it is. No forward assist to simplify operation and reduce snagging potential. As of February 2023, allow 5-10 days for this item to be built and shipped. And those components hold up incredibly well. It is compatible with Mil-Spec parts and aftermarket rail systems and handguards. Barrel resists wear and corrosion very well for a super long lifespan. However, in the US, this round has quickly found its footing as a hunting round. So somebody made the 458 Socom to accomplish this. Get gun deals, hand's on reviews, educational content and updates on law changes daily! A .458 SOCOM upper should be just as easy to customize as a standard 5.56mm upper; the barrel and bolt are the big differences; accessories are not. If anyone knows, I need to know what size gas block fits on this upper? Check the live status update banner for current processing times. Handguard is super comfortable and offers decent utility. This makes it perfectly suitable for shooting in even the harshest conditions, a must for hunting and field operations. I went with the 450 bushmaster due to ammo availability..and cost..very happy with it..!! The Aero Precision AR-15 Stripped XL Upper Receiver is designed for those who like putting things together. Also if youre looking to shoot a lot of rounds out of your rifle, look for upper receivers that are forged or billeted. WebSHOP Pro2a Tactical line of 458 Socom AR-15 Uppers. Radical Firearms has always produced solid budget equipment. So, when choosing a.458 Upper Receiver prioritize durability. This is a highly accurate, precision WebBarrel: Ballistic Advantage 6mm ARC, Rifle Gas, 1:7T, DMR Profile, 416R Stainless QPQ Nitride,. Itll work great at stopping Wild Boar and larger bucks but youre guaranteed to destroy the integrity of any animal less than 100lbs. Handguard is sturdy and comfortable, even if it is a bit plain. First, think very carefully about the type of upper receiver that youll need for your build. Precision machined from 7075-T6 aluminum and explicitly forged for the .458 SOCOM round; it also packs an A3 Upper with M4 feed ramps, 5/8in 24 muzzle threads paired with a Glfa Big Bore S/S Muzzlebrake, and 15 M-LOK Handguards, you cant go wrong with this upper. >How much privacy do Americans have in 2017? PREMIUM .450 BUSHMASTER COMPLETE UPPER-STAINLESS BARREL $510.95 Out of Stock. The Rangers noted that since Somalis would chew the drug Khat to counter the effects of hunger (Somalia being plagued by famine at the time), a byproduct was that the drug increased their pain tolerance, requiring multiple shots to stop an assailant. Cast uppers usually come out rough and are finished off with a CNC Mill. iI is more basic than the Cross Machine Tool, and it comes completely stripped. Use a special AR tool for tightening up the handguard cap. It may take time and effort, but if you like building stuff, then youll enjoy building this receiver as it is quite versatile. Below is my list of recommended .458 SOCOM uppers. You must select a hand guard option or have no hand guard installed in order to purchase this item. The Cross Machine Tool CMT Billet Upper Receiver. Aero Precision is one of the most trusted Manufacturers on the AR-15 Platform, known for constantly producing reliable and high-quality products for a fraction of the cost. Quite the trick for such a large round. BONUS OFFER: Get your free shooting range targets to print at home! Must order STAINLESS barrel above, for this upgrade. There arent a ton of 458 Socom uppers on the market. The .458 SOCOM DURAMAG SS is a purpose built .458 magazine right from the factory designed to be a no hassle solution to feeding these large caliber cartridges. Does anyone know if I can put this upper or any 458 socom upper on a smith&wesson mp15 lower? Ever since the M16 and 5.56 NATO was adopted way back in the early 1960s the Army has been trying to replace them with something newer, better, and more capable. But its actually rather rare that an Aero Precision part is theleast expensivepart in an article. Standard twist is 1:14. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Cross Machine Tools upper is another stripped upper featuring an enlarged ejection port for the .458 SOCOM or other big-bore AR-15 calibers to ensure it cycles and ejects brass without incident. Weighing 23 oz., this stainless steel barrel looks sweet under the rail. The is a complete assembled upper with bolt carrier group. It features a subtle two-tone silver finish with a matte aluminum alloy frame and stainless steel barrel, cylinder, and custom black synthetic grip with wood inserts. If you're looking for good reads,check this articleon 30 rounds magazine. Quality control is lacking. However, this receiver does not come with a dust cover or charging handle. *******Code 704tactical works **************. This is a true stripped receiver thats built to handle most of the larger-sized rounds on the market. The company utilized the 5 Axis machining technique for increased accuracy. SHERMAN, TX. It is highly durable and compatible with AR lower receiver and other components, and it has an enlarged ejection port to properly eject larger .458 rounds. Where to Buy Ammo Online [Complete 2021 Guide], Best Gun Cleaning Kits [AR-15, Pistol & Universal], Best Shooting Gloves [Hands-On Tested, 2021 Update], Best Universal Red Dot Sights [Hands-on Review]. ThePanzer Muzzle Brakeis actually a decent muzzle brake. However, its not quite as good as many 2 or 3-port muzzle brakes. Please send all support inquiries to support@lonestarstatefirearms.com, 2022 LoneStarStateFirearms.com | Designed & Hosted by, New Taurus Warranty March 2019 G2C G2S TX22 Good News, Tutorial Smontaggio Beretta 92FS Scacciacani Bruni Cal.8 MM, The MP5 | Full Auto vs Binary Trigger vs Semi-Auto. The 14-16 with pin/welded brake is ONLY available with the already installed 4-port light weight brake. Wed: 8:00 am 5:00 pm Mil-spec charging handle is disappointing. Description. 2300 Holcomb Bridge Rd, Suite 103-317, Roswell GA 30076, Mail us: SFX9 HC 3.25 Solid Frame X-TAC 15 Round, SFX9 HC 3.25 Solid Frame X-TAC 10 Round. There are a couple standout features on this upper receiver: First, the handguard. The best .458 SOCOM Upper Receivers seamlessly Ultimately, thisAero Precisionupper receiver is definitely for AR-15 builders. The .458 SOCOM (Special Operations Command) round is a powerful defensive round with roots in military history. I really like the Black rain Hybrid handguard, which pairs weight-savings with an up-front quad-rail so you still have mounting positions at 12, 3, 6, and 9-oclock along with 6 QD attachment points. A lighter .458 SOCM bullet will still damage an assailant and throw off manageable kick when fired. Currently offered in straight flute. $689.99 $649.99. The gas system should work with the bullet grain weight you plan to use or you risk short cycling or jams. It is highly durable, and it comes with an enlarged ejection port to properly eject larger .458 rounds. If youre looking for a basic, no-frills, no-nonsense upper receiver, then its hard to look past the AR15 CMT Billet Upper from Cross Machine Tools, Co. M4 flat-top Assembled Upper Receiver. This upper receiver assembly from Aero Precision is a high-quality, locally made, mil-spec upper receiver compatible with most AR-15 components. No forward assist to reduce snagging and simplify operation. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. Did you have to change the buffer tube from 5.56? >18 Shocking Meals People Ate When the Shit Hit the Fan, >Heres What You Should Keep With Your Gun In Your Home Defense Kit, The Best 458 Socom Uppers Reviews: Checking Out the Big Boys, GLFA AR15 Complete Upper .458 Socom 10.5. Furthermore, this upper receiver is compatible with AR-15 parts and it accepts standard 5.56 bolt carriers, charging handles, and barrel nuts. Beyond the complete package of the receiver, ejection port covers, and bolt carrier group, Radical included their Panzer Muzzle Brake, which is styled after the WWII German Panzer tank muzzle brake, which pairs a solid recoil reduction with serious style. 5/8-24 threads. How we select gear. This article is part of our ongoing Guide to Everything AR. Although this would work with other large bullets like the 50 Beowulf or 450 Bushmaster, since it has purposely built feed ramps, its recommended you stick with just using the .458 SOCOM. When paired with the right barrel it can be one of the best rifles you own. OUR PRICE: $250.00 . Fri: Closed Therefore, if you have both, you should not be able to fit without a problem. The safest option, especially if youre a beginner, will always be some variation of a complete upper receiver. TFB Review: Bear Creek Arsenal 16-inch Complete Upper Receiver; The Perfect Hunting Calibers and Their Game by Bear Creek Arsenal; INSPECTION. TROMIX CORPORATION Its about as durable as you can get. Model: Performance Center. And it had to hit like a sledgehammer. can you shoot 450 BM through a 458 Socom barrel? Although cleaning an AR-15 is a little bit more labor-intensive than cleaning a Glock or other pistol, it is necessary if you want it to continue performing optimally. It a great choice if you are new to AR-15s, and it comes with an attractive price tag. OK, youve had both. 458 SOCOM (STAINLESS STEEL) $24.80 (1 review) Write a Review SKU: 1058041175CPD Quantity: DURAMAG SS 458 SOCOM Love the AR big bores but your magazine cant handle the sheer power or feed these rounds the right way? James Miller is a defensive firearms coach, certified through the ICE Training Company. Overall, if But it works well enough. Like I said,its a well-designed handguard. Its capable of firing 250 to 600 grain .458 caliber bullets in a lightweight, controllable package. To create the billet receiver, a CNC mill is used to cut a solid bar of metal into the desired shape. I would rather have 450 bushmaster. PREMIUM 16" M4 BARREL 6.5 GRENDEL TYPE II 416R STAINLESS STEEL BARREL, COMPLETE UPPER $379.99 Back Order. Compare Compare Items. The best .458 SOCOM Upper Receivers seamlessly handle the firepower this round produces and are engineered to perform in the harshest combat conditions. Are you looking to find the best .458 SOCOM uppers to complete the build of your AR? Soyou can use a standard upper receiver parts kit and mount this upper receiver to any lower you have on hand. Beau has also trained with the USCCA and is a current member. Part Number: 458BM-2 Review this item Email a friend Description This is one high quality upper assembly, assembled from US made parts. However, make sure that they will function with your present upper receiver. And the handguard has asingle M-LOK slot on each sidethats in a decent position for mounting a light or laser, if you need to use M-LOK for that. There are times when you dont need an actual upper, but in order to try something new, you need the supporting components. As a relatively new AR-15 part, the forward assist is located on the upper receiver. Note: complete uppers are easier to implement but are considerably more expensive than stripped uppers. Its finished off with a sleek anodized black coating for extra corrosion resistance. WebThe .458 SOCOM Recon Tactical. AR-15 Full Build Kits - $399.99 and Under, Davidson Defense 'Dominant' 16" AR-15 .458 SOCOM Nitride Rifle Upper Build Kit, Davidson Defense 'Dominant' 16" AR-15 .458 SOCOM Nitride Rifle Complete Upper Build Kit, Complete 16" .458 SOCOM Rifle Slick Side Upper Assembly, Davidson Defense 'Hoolihan' 16" AR-15 .458 SOCOM Nitride Rifle Upper Build Kit. The last thing you want is your AR-15 falling apart during a self-defense scenario. The main thing about this upper receiver is thedurability. As with US Special Operations Command requirements, for the .458 SOCOM to be viable it had to be suppressor-friendly (hence the low velocity) and cycle on semi or full-auto. If you need the most affordable 458 Socom upper, read the first reviews. M4 flat-top Assembled Upper Receiver. You should prioritize durability and other key factors like whether it is resistant to rust and corrosion. The .458 SOCOM is designed to have near compatibility with a lower 5.56 AR. The flats milled under the handguards are for mounting of the M203. Base model includes a 6061 M4 style upper receiver, black 4150 chromoly barrel, black flash hider, black gas block, bolt/carrier, and charging .458 SOCOM Complete The is a complete assembled The gas key, bolt, extractor, and firing pin are all part of this assembly. Lasty,the handguard is comfortable and quite sturdy. Barrel - 16" 416R stainless steel hbar The last consideration for ensuring you select the right upper determine if you plan to shoot any caliber other than the .458 SOCOM. Aluminum is both sturdy and light, while anodized coatings are very rust and corrosion resistant, guaranteeing long-term endurance. Lastly, the entire upper receiver body ismachined with angular cutstoimprove durabilityandrigidity. Everything else is pretty standard. So your money definitely gets you plenty of performance. >Reexamining the Evidence on the 9/11 Attacks, >Why Firearm Restrictions and Bans are Racist, >Armored and Dangerous: 100,000 + poorly trained and constantly armed delivery boys. Place the charging handle into the hole in the rear of the receiver where the bolt will go; make sure that it is aligned, which it will be if it slides into place. Youll also typically hear about ARs with A1, A2, A3, and A4 upper carry configurations. Still shooting exclusively 5.56mm? Standard; High Capacity. Mine was $219 all included. Upper Receivers & Conversion Kits. Barrel features right hand twist button rifling. Retail Price $699.99. WebBarrel Length : 11-5-in Diamondback Firearms For Sale Barrel Length : 14-7-in Fail Zero For Sale Cryptic Coatings For Sale Ambidextrous : yes Email SignUp Primary Arms 27828 So it makes sense that the CMMG Inc. RESOLUTE 300 Series Upper Receiver Group would be at the top of the heap when it comes to 458 Socom uppers. Low Profile Gas Block and Stainless Steel Gas Tube. Alternatively, handguards protect the barrel from heat and improve grip. Its not quite a low profile brass deflector. No cycling issues with it either. WebSpecifications: 18 inch 458 SOCOM 416R Stainless Heavy Barrel by Shaw Barrels with 1x14 Twist, SOCOM Feed Ramp, and 5/8x32 Threads. The .458 round is designed for short-range shooting. That means that you could also use this upper receiver for shooting 50 Beowulf, 450 Bushmaster or other large AR-15 caliber, if you changed out the barrel. But that doesnt mean you cant get good magazines. Theyve raised the price to $300.00. Its durable steel that resists wear and corrosion very well. This both extended the conflict and increased the threat to Task Force Ranger members. It accommodates the 458 Socom round. I have a 243 22 stainless fluted upper from Bear creek that shoots .3 groups at 100 yards using 2 different powder combos along with a 55 grain nosler ballistic tip at almost 4100 FPS. The barrel ischrome moly steel. Slip the gas block tube through the hole in the barrel nut; make sure that the block is aligned to the gas hole in the barrel. Register; Log in; Shopping cart 0. $ 319.00 $ 299.99 Add to cart. The .458 SOCOM (Special Operations Command) round is a powerful defensive round with roots in military history. We have compiled a short list of some of the best .458 SOCOM Upper Receivers available. Place the barrel into the barrel opening; it should fit snugly. Check out the bore size on these 458 Socom uppers. Bear Claw spiral flutes. The Black Rain Ordnance SOCOM .458 Complete Upper Receiver might be sneaking up to the higher end of the price spectrum. Both with their own pros and cons. Hardened to 26-32 rc and stress relieved. It is also recommended that you wear eye protection and gloves to protect your eyes and skins from getting irritated owing to the fumes of the gun cleaners. Cartridge: 223 Remington, 458 SOCOM, 300 AAC Blackout, Cartridge: 458 SOCOM, 450 Bushmaster, 50 Beowulf. It helps create the best balance of mechanical attributes including hardness, fatigue limit, specific weight, and others. While technically not an upper, this kit covers the two caliber-specific components the barrel and bolt and leaves the rest up to you. This means that you need to put this receiver together. Web

The Complete Upper is constructed of billet machined 7075-T6 aluminum with proprietary Extended aluminum hand guard w/ Magpul M-LOK mounting system and integrated upper/hand guard stainless steel anti-rotation pin. No matter what youre doing, youll need the best 458 Socom upper you can get. Fit the handguard over the barrel and thread it into the barrel nut. Your 458 SOCOM AR 15 Upper Receiver will arrive turn-key and ready to shoot out of the box. Subscribe to our newsletter and get gun deals, educational content, hand's on reviews and news on law changes! UPC Code: 022188866360. Its not ambidextrous. Twist Mode of Fire Options: Safe / Fire Color Options: Cerakoat Optional - Any Color Theresno forward assist, which some shooters dislike. Rail systems and handguards have been designed in order to preserve your hands from overheating while firing. 458 SOCOM is a "maximum stopping power" round for the AR15 platform that runs supersonic (250 grain) or subsonic (450-600 grain). A15-R .458 SOCOM Complete Upper Receiver. Tighten the tension nut to help hold it in place. Building the .458 SOCOM takes only two caliber specific parts-a .458 specific bolt and barrel- Wilson Combat is further optimizing their .458 SOCOM rifles by adding an adjustable gas block, extra power action spring and straight gas tube as a standard reliability upgrade. The .458 SOCOM round is an excellent self-defense and hunting round built for stopping power. Since the AR15 CMT Billet Upper Receiver .458 SOCOM is a stripped upper receiver, expect to shell out some money on other upper part kits, like dust ports, forward assists, barrels, etc, if you dont already have one. I bought one of these uppers for use as a deer rifle in bear country. M4 feed ramps are designed for staggered 5.56mm rounds. Its match grade 416R stainless steel barrel has polished crown/feed ramps, and is threaded. Those who already own an AR-15 .458 SOCOM rifle have a good idea of what to look for. We go deep on AR barrels in our guide if you want more detail. The 16-inch barrel length strikes the right balance, and it includes a .458 muzzle brake and Spec15 bolt carrier group with a .458 bolt as well. The coupon code "704tactical DOES" is not valid. Weve rounded up a whole bunch of the best 458 Socom uppers for your review. WebRadical Firearms 10.5 in. But, I am loving this upper! Like all Recon Tactical carbines, the .458 SOCOM is based on 7075 forged upper and lower receivers that are precision machined and fitted to ensure consistent performance. The .458 SOCOM cartridge offers the practical ballistics of the legendary .45-70 in a modern AR platform rifle. But,if you want a really solid 458 Socom upper receiver for a great price, this is the one to get. In contrast, a carry handle upper will have a fixed carry handle on top of the upper which will act as the rear sight assembly for your firearm. 450 Bushmaster is a cool big bore round designed for semi-automatic rifles. Hence, saving money while providing flexibility to US Military personnel. 15" MLOK Rail. The best 458 Socom uppers from each category are presented in order of price. Check out our guide to gas systems for the ins and outs of tuning an AR. Visa, MasterCard, Discover and American Express are accepted. Although nowadays, many gun cleaning solvents dont emit strong fumes or strong odors. Shotguns have stopping power as their specialty. And its affordable enough to fit most budgets. The firing pin is charged when you draw the charging handle back to release a cartridge from the magazine. 00. Wilson Combat makes excellent guns and gun parts. This is done generally with the use of a mold, and then commonly finished up using a CNC lathe. If so do I need to change my buffer weight? The A15-R is our base model upper. It is smart to get an upper receiver that is compatible with AR-15 parts like AR lower receivers for better performance and shooting experience. As we have said, the main challenge usually lies in finding the perfect upper for you. 5 and 16 is mid length gas 18 is rifle length. The anodized finish isthick and smooth, rather than chalky like many mil-spec anodized finishes. WebAR-15 7.62x39 16" STAINLESS BLACK CLAW PREMIUM UPPER ASSEMBLY / MLOK. Sucked that the coupon code didnt work. Its more common to use a carbine length barrel with the SOCOM due to its oversize diameter and lower velocity. The industry standard 1-14 twist barrels seem to be the best choice for over 350 grain bullets and/or subsonic loads and will shoot all suitable bullet weights acceptably well. But, even though the ejection port is enlarged, it stillfits standard AR-15 partsandlower receivers. This upper receiver is compatible with a wide range of mil-spec AR-15 parts, however, it works best with the Aero Precision brand. Rifles chambered for .223 Wylde are 'multi-calber' and can fire 5.56x45mm cartridges alongside .223 Remington. This is handy because, even though M-LOK is popular, a lot of lights and forend attachment still ship with picatinny mounts. WebARD AR15 458 SOCOM UPPERS Wishlist (0) Compare (0) Login / ARD AR15 STAINLESS 458 SOCOM UPPER COMPLETE 16 inch #S458. And looking cool matters. A flat-top AR-10 upper is an AR-10 with standard Picatinny rail where the sights are usually mounted. Our extensive testing has found the Lancer L5 AWM magazine to be optimal for this round. The mechanical qualities of billet metal are comparable to those of forged upper receivers. Also, by choosing one manufacturer, youre almost guaranteed to have zero compatibility issues across the board since the same manufacturer will use the same specifications for their AR-15 build kits. While both of them exist out on the market, if youre looking for real versatility, you should go with a flat top upper receiver since if you really want a carry handle, you can always add one to a Picatinny rail. Ill give you the pros and cons of them both as well as a list of the best AR Pistol Cases available both soft and hard. My only complaint about this upper is that it uses standard M4 feed ramps. 458 SOCOM is more advanced than the Cross Machine Tool Billet Upper Receiver in that it has more features such as shell deflector and M4 feed ramps. You can make the gas block hit the inside of the handguard with ease. He shares most of his passion with other gun enthusiasts here on Sniper Country. If youre an expert gunsmith or have a lot of experience building AR-15s and are looking for a build challenge, then this upper might be the perfect starting point for you. However, the handguard on this upper receiver is very well designed. Angular cuts improve durability and rigidity. The decision in choosing the best .458 SOCOM upper is whether you want a complete upper or a stripped upper to build your own. Thread on the barrel nut, and use a barrel nut tool to tighten it as much as you can. It was developed as a very powerful and accurate, short to medium range round that provided a significant firepower increase for US soldiers. Mon: 8:00 am 5:00 pm Built like a tank to withstand all sorts of 458 Socom loads. This is actually good and bad. Web

The Complete Upper is constructed of billet machined 7075-T6 aluminum with proprietary Extended aluminum hand guard w/ Magpul M-LOK mounting system and integrated upper/hand guard stainless steel anti-rotation pin. No spam. All rights reserved. One of the smartest ways to go about choosing a .458 Upper Receiver is to know what to look for. On top of that, it has a matte black finish to prevent reflection from sunlight, allowing you to shoot your rifle without any interference on a hot day. WebThis .458 SOCOM upper is compatible with any mil-spec AR-15 lower. SHOP Pro2a Tactical line of 458 Socom AR-15 Uppers. That being said, this stripped receiver is top-notch. >NSA Invades Googles Servers, Google Strikes Back Whos Right? The Aero precision, which is machined for precision, does not come with a port door or forward assist, so you would need to buy these components separately. But if you are building your very first AR-15, here are some factors to consider when choosing an AR-15 .458 Upper Receiver. Thats a rookie chambering. And theyre really affordable. Manufacturer Part #: 10186. Imagine it like a cars starter. Unsubscribe at any time. The issue is the cost of the upper concerns me how many rounds did you put through it because 458 is not a cheap cartridge. Founder & Licensed Concealed Carry Holder. I cant trust it would you be able to give this to someone for so cheap? The 1-22 twist rate is an absolute tack driver with 250gr 325gr bullets commonly used for hunting and is the optimum choice for the Barnes 300gr TAC TX/TTSX SOCOM bullet. The second cool thing is the muzzle brake. These properties enable the receiver to handle a .458 SOCOM round and protect the rifle when you shoot in bad weather conditions. It has3 picatinny rail sections near the muzzle endfor various forend accessories. Even though the .458 SOCOM cartridge is almost twice as broad as the .223 or 5.56 cartridge, it can fire from an AR-15 lower receiver and load into the same magazines. Cross Machine Tool Co., INC AR-15 CMT Billet Upper Receiver .458 SOCOM is constructed out of a lightweight yet durable T6 7075 aluminum with a hard coat anodized finish for superior rust and corrosion resistance. Plan to use a dedicated .458 SOCOM lower your current kit is incompatible. WebStaff Upper Builds; 6" 9mm Barrel Muzzle Combos; 16" 5.56 Upper Builds; Barrel Blowout; Blank Lowers And Frames; Flip Up Sight Combos; Handguard Sale ; Kits And Combos And the Radical Firearms 458 Socom 16 Inch Barrel is no different. The first thing you would need to do is build an .458 SOCOM Upper Receiver. GLFAs Complete 16 SOCOM upper is complete meaning you wont need to bring anything else to the party but your favorite lower. An upper receiver upgrade eliminates the need to upgrade individual components like the barrel. If you are looking to build your first AR-15 that uses a .458 Upper Receiver, this guide is for you. This stripped upper receiver is forged from 7075 Aluminum and features an expanded ejection port. The .458 SOCOM round is often compared to the .45-70 cartridge, with which many hunters are probably familiar. It takes what it can gets. This gives you the longest lasting upper receiver possible. Building your first AR-15 can be fun, but it also takes time and effort. I will giveBlack Rain Ordnancea pass on the charging handle. .450 Bushmaster or .458 Socom. Enlarged latch on the charging handle makes it easy to grip and pull. Andit works well for a single port muzzle brake.