Microsoft Windows | History, Versions, & Facts | Britannica Kilburn (left) and Williams in front of 'Baby'. False It has pre-programmed curricular material. selecting effective instructional software. The Univac 1 is the first commercial computer to attract widespread public attention. Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program. Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. Oddly, the company doesn't use the term in its marketing, preferring instead to refer to the microcomputer (which it calls a "Micom") that implements the fuzzy logic. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. When Was the First Computer Invented? - Computer Hope's Free Computer Help Altair 8800 Microcomputer | National Museum of American History The militarys high standards for its transistors pushed manufacturers to improve quality control. Term. Microcomputer - Wikipedia Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. The company was incorporated by three 26-year-old Stanford alumni: Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla and Scott McNealy. Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. The design packed 800 vacuum tubes into a relatively compact 12 square feet. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. MITS co-founder Ed Roberts invented the Altair 8800 which sold for $297, or $395 with a case and coined the term personal computer. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing daily operations. Follow-on versions of the Kindle added further audio-video capabilities. The Difference Engine #2 at the Science Museum, London. It was also repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its 13-year lifespan. An ecologist, for example, could sprinkle thousands of motes from the air onto a field and measure soil and air temperature, moisture, and sunlight, giving them accurate real-time data about the environment. Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. Which two kinds of software are designed primarily for use by individuals rather than by groups of students? System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. Sold complete with a main logic board, switching power supply, keyboard, case, manual, game paddles, and cassette tape containing the game Breakout, the Apple-II finds popularity far beyond the hobbyist community which made up Apples user community until then. From concept to finished system, SCAMP took only six months to develop. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. This printing programmable calculator was made from discrete transistors and an acoustic delay-line memory. At the same press conference, IBM also announced 40 completely new peripherals for the new family. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). Answer: . The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. Chapter 1 Microcomputer Applications Exam Flashcards | Quizlet What is a distinguishing feature of instructional software? Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. The basic idea for bombes came from Polish code-breaker Marian Rejewski's 1938 "Bomba.". It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. Assessment instruments may have lower reliability and validity when used with non-native English speakers. Lenovo, China's largest manufacturer of PCs, purchased IBM's personal computer business in 2005, largely to gain access to IBM's ThinkPad line of computers and sales force. The first companies to produce a specific type of program had good sales even though they did little promotion and their programs were not "userfriendly." It seems that many of these "innovators . The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). It was sold exclusively in Japan, but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project? When connected to a color television set, the Apple II produced brilliant color graphics for the time. This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? One of the earliest and most popular pieces of software for microcomputers was the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. Subject. The TRS-80 line of computers later included color, portable, and handheld versions before being discontinued in the early 1990s. What is a prominent research finding regarding students who engage in computer programming activities? T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. Twenty-five ways in which MIT has transformed computing Which of the following is one strategy often used in online courses to ensure academic integrity? Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers. SWTPC introduces many computer kits based on the Motorola 6800, and later, the 6809. An electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can: 1. The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. The Macintosh Portable was heavy, weighing sixteen pounds, and expensive (US$6,500). Its base price was $6,500. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. Xerox wasnt interested. The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. "We are trying to build a machine to do all kinds of different things simply by programming rather than by the addition of extra apparatus," Turing said at a symposium on large-scale digital calculating machinery in 1947 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. T/F False Storage on a mobile device is usually an SSD (Solid-state drive). The University of Michigan Micro Mote (M3) is the smallest computer in the world at the time of its completion. 25. Answer early modern period 1700 ad to 1899 ad 16 OS/2 will continue to be used in special The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. The Nest Learning Thermostat is an early product made for the emerging Internet of Things, which envisages a world in which common everyday devices have network connectivity and can exchange information or be controlled. a. Mac OS b. DOS (Disk Operating System) c. desktop operating system d. Linux 0 points QUESTION 2 1. data. It was the first microcomputer to sell in large numbers. HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. ducing microcomputers to small and medium-sized transit operating agen-cies. Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. Quiz 1. A cassette tape interface provided supplementary storage for text. . assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. Bruce Artwick - Wikipedia Under the leadership of MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forrester, the team first built a small analog simulator, but found it inaccurate and inflexible. The Apple Newton Personal Digital Assistant. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. Atari's 8-bit computers were influential in the arts, especially in the emerging DemoScene culture of the 1980s and '90s. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. Microsoft founded - HISTORY and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. The success of the VAX family of computers transformed DEC into the second-largest computer company in the world, as VAX systems became the de facto standard computing system for industry, the sciences, engineering, and research. They did. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. A full-scale working replica of the ABC was completed in 1997, proving that the ABC machine functioned as Atanasoff had claimed. When the Minuteman I was decommissioned, some universities received these computers for use by students. Description. (D) Most of those individuals and companies that could be expected to make up the potential market for the Regent microcomputer have already filled their microcomputer needs. The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. In his book Giant Brains, Berkeley noted - We shall now consider how we can design a very simple machine that will think. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. Almost a million units were ordered on the day of release. Hundreds of allied bombes were built in order to determine the daily rotor start positions of Enigma cipher machines, which in turn allowed the Allies to decrypt German messages. Answer (1 of 14): There's a good argument that written mathematics or music is probably the first, a pre-specified structured set of instructions intended to transport and replicate a process. Originally a Cray XT3 system, the Jaguar is a massively parallel supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a US science and energy research facility. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used. The Zilog Z-80 could run any program written for the 8080 and included twice as many built-in machine instructions. Upgrade to Quizlet Plus to study with no ads, offline access and even more premium features, like image uploading and scanning to create sets. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original.